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Biochip for separating fetal cells from maternal circulation.

Hisham Mohamed1, James N Turner, Michele Caggana

  • 1Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA. hmohamed@wadsworth.org

Journal of Chromatography. A
|July 14, 2007
PubMed
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Researchers developed a novel micromachined device to isolate fetal cells from maternal blood. This method utilizes size and deformation differences, offering a non-invasive prenatal diagnosis alternative.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Genetics
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Invasive prenatal diagnosis poses risks.
  • Current fetal cell isolation methods lack specificity for routine clinical use.
  • Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) is highly sought after.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a micromachined device for separating fetal cells from maternal circulation.
  • To establish a method for NIPD.
  • To enable genetic analysis of fetal cells without maternal contamination.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a micromachined device with microchannels (2.5 microm wide, 5 microm deep).
  • Separated fetal cells based on size and deformability differences compared to maternal cells.
  • Analyzed isolated cells using DNA analysis to confirm fetal origin.

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Main Results:

  • Nucleated fetal red blood cells (9-12 microm) deformed to pass through microchannels.
  • Maternal white blood cells (10-20 microm) were retained due to their inability to deform.
  • Isolated cells were confirmed as fetal, with no maternal DNA contamination.

Conclusions:

  • The micromachined device effectively isolates fetal cells from maternal circulation.
  • This technique shows promise for non-invasive prenatal genetic diagnosis.
  • Further development could lead to routine clinical application.