Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice
Published on: December 4, 2020
Urea-splitting urinary tract infection contributing to hyperammonemic encephalopathy
Maarten Albersen1, Steven Joniau, Hein Van Poppel
1Department of Urology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Background:
We present a case of severe neurological symptoms caused by hyperammonemia, secondary to a urinary tract infection with urea-splitting bacteria.
Investigations:
Blood analysis, urinalysis, urine culture, abdominal ultrasonography, cystography, CT.
Diagnosis:
Hyperammonemia as a result of urinary tract infection with urea-spliting bacteria.
Management:
Desobstruction of the urinary tract and bladder or pouch rinsing, antibiotics, reduction of the dietary and endogenous nitrogen load, and endogenous nitrogen breakdown. Identification, prevention and treatment of underlying causes.
Related Concept Videos
Urea Cycle
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology
Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care
Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

