[Features of elder abuse and mistreatment in Puerto Rico]

This descriptive study seeks to understand the prevalence and the phenomenon of abuse and mistreatment among the elderly (60+) in Puerto Rico. The various forms of elder abuse are defined, including socio demographic characteristics, recurrence of abuse, characteristics of perpetrators (abusers), risk factors, and history of health conditions, among others.

A random sample group was selected among the cases filed with the Protective Services Unit of the Family Department Adults Services during 1999 throughout 2000 (fiscal year). The study included the regions of Aguadilla, Arecibo, Bayamón, Caguas, Carolina, Guayama, Humacao, Mayagüez, Ponce and San Juan. A total of 255 cases were evaluated of which 246 fulfilled the pre-established criteria. The procedures followed were in accordance with privacy and ethical standards.

The most common type of abuse identified is neglect, followed by emotional or psychological abuse, physical abuse, financial exploitation and sexual abuse. Cognitive and social impairment and the need for assistance are important risk factors for elder abuse. Most abusers are family members (especially the elders' offspring). Mitigating factors that explain or increase the risk of elderly abuse are physical or psychological illness of family members or caregiver and/or lack of access to resources.

A systematic approach to appropriately report and document patient abuse is recommended. It is necessary to educate the public about the rights of the elderly. Educating professionals, caregivers, and the public on abuse is critical to prevention. The lack of awareness about elder abuse can lead to the public not being able to detect and/or denounce the elderly abuse and may result in death of the victim or aggressors.