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Updated: Jul 13, 2026
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Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
Published on: February 9, 2021
Pathogenesis of renal calculi
Nicole L Miller1, Andrew P Evan, James E Lingeman
1Clarian Health Partners, USA.
The Urologic Clinics of North America
|August 7, 2007
Summary
Kidney stone disease is rising, but its cause is unclear. Research highlights Randall's plaque in kidney stone formation, suggesting distinct patient phenotypes with unique characteristics.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Urology
- Pathology
Background:
- Kidney stone disease (nephrolithiasis) prevalence is increasing globally.
- Despite advances, the exact cause and progression of kidney stone formation remain incompletely understood.
- Existing knowledge gaps necessitate further investigation into the pathogenesis of kidney stones.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review fundamental concepts of kidney stone formation (calculus formation).
- To explore leading theories on stone pathogenesis.
- To highlight recent evidence implicating Randall's plaque in kidney stone disease.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on kidney stone pathogenesis.
- Analysis of recent data from human surgical anatomy, histopathology, and metabolic factors in kidney stone formers.
- Focus on findings from human papillary and renal cortical biopsies.
Main Results:
- Recent data provide evidence for the role of Randall's plaque in kidney stone pathogenesis.
- Human biopsies reveal distinct stone-forming phenotypes.
- These phenotypes are characterized by unique surgical anatomy, histology, and metabolic profiles.
Conclusions:
- Randall's plaque is a key factor in the pathogenesis of kidney stone disease.
- Individualized stone-forming phenotypes exist, each with specific anatomical, histological, and metabolic features.
- Understanding these phenotypes may lead to more targeted prevention and treatment strategies for kidney stones.
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