Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...

Motor Unit Stimulation

Motor Unit Stimulation

When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Androgen receptor moonlighting in the prostate cancer microenvironment.

Endocrine-related cancer·2018

Same author

Primary extramedullary extradural ependymoma of the thoracic spine mimicking a schwannoma.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2009

Same author

Results by motor cortex stimulation in treatment of focal dystonia, Parkinson's disease and post-ictal spasticity. The experience of the Italian Study Group of the Italian Neurosurgical Society.

Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement·2008

Same author

Intramedullary thrombosed venous ectasia mimicking hemangioblastoma.

European journal of neurology·2008

Same author

Neurophysiological aspects of chronic motor cortex stimulation.

Neurophysiologie clinique = Clinical neurophysiology·2007

Same author

Motor cortex stimulation for chronic non-malignant pain: current state and future prospects.

Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement·2007

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation

Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation

Published on: July 16, 2014

Motor cortex stimulation for Parkinson's disease.

¹Neurochirurgia Funzionale e Spinale, Università Cattolica, Roma, Italy. bcioni@rm.unicatt.it

Acta Neurochirurgica. Supplement

|August 19, 2007

Summary

Motor cortex stimulation (MCS) shows potential for managing Parkinson disease (PD) symptoms, including dyskinesias and motor fluctuations. While variable, MCS offers a possible alternative to deep brain stimulation with observed improvements in motor function and quality of life.

More Related Videos

A Novel Approach to Assess Motor Outcome of Deep Brain Stimulation Effects in the Hemiparkinsonian Rat: Staircase and Cylinder Test

A Novel Approach to Assess Motor Outcome of Deep Brain Stimulation Effects in the Hemiparkinsonian Rat: Staircase and Cylinder Test

Published on: May 31, 2016

Non-Invasive Electrical Brain Stimulation Montages for Modulation of Human Motor Function

Non-Invasive Electrical Brain Stimulation Montages for Modulation of Human Motor Function

Published on: February 4, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation

Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation

Published on: July 16, 2014

A Novel Approach to Assess Motor Outcome of Deep Brain Stimulation Effects in the Hemiparkinsonian Rat: Staircase and Cylinder Test

A Novel Approach to Assess Motor Outcome of Deep Brain Stimulation Effects in the Hemiparkinsonian Rat: Staircase and Cylinder Test

Published on: May 31, 2016

Non-Invasive Electrical Brain Stimulation Montages for Modulation of Human Motor Function

Non-Invasive Electrical Brain Stimulation Montages for Modulation of Human Motor Function

Published on: February 4, 2016

Area of Science:

Neurosurgery
Neurology
Medical Devices

Background:

Early studies by Canavero and Paolotti suggested motor cortex stimulation (MCS) benefits Parkinson disease (PD) patients.
MCS was proposed as a potentially cost-effective alternative to deep brain stimulation (DBS).

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of chronic epidural motor cortex stimulation (MCS) for advanced Parkinson disease (PD).
To assess the modulation of various PD symptoms and impact on quality of life.

Main Methods:

An Italian Multicenter Study involving 29 Parkinson disease patients.
Chronic epidural motor cortex stimulation (MCS) was applied, with outcomes assessed using UPDRS-III and PDQL scales.

Main Results:

MCS modulated various PD symptoms, with variable and unpredictable improvement.
Significant improvements were noted in L-Dopa induced dyskinesias, painful dystonia, and motor fluctuations.
UPDRS-III scores improved by 30% at 3 months and 22% at 12 months; PDQL scores decreased by 26% at 12 months.
No complications or adverse events were reported.

Conclusions:

Preliminary data suggest MCS can modulate PD symptoms, improving motor function and quality of life.
Further research is needed to determine optimal electrode placement, stimulation parameters, and patient selection criteria.
The precise mechanisms underlying MCS efficacy in PD remain hypothetical.