Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Huntington Disease l: Introduction01:21

Huntington Disease l: Introduction

Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:30

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
Thought Disorders
Disorganized and unusual thought processes mark thought disorders in schizophrenia. One key feature is disorganized speech, where an individual's conversation includes loosely...
Psychosurgery01:30

Psychosurgery

Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Investigating Mediumship/Possession-Relevant Experiences: Contributions from a Feature-Based, Subject-Dependent Approach to Definition and Measurement.

Transcultural psychiatry·2026
Same author

Using functional MRI neurofeedback to modulate self-blame in major depressive disorder: A pilot study.

NeuroImage. Clinical·2026
Same author

Regional, functional and transcriptomic decoding of multidimensional brain structure alterations in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Mapping the Content Landscape of Self-transcendent Emotional Experiences with Thematic Analysis and Hierarchical Clustering.

Affective science·2026
Same author

Prevalence estimates of nonordinary experiences depend on validity and measurement choices.

Communications psychology·2026
Same author

Comparison of neuropsychological side effects between contemporary radiofrequency ablative neurosurgery for psychiatric disorders and conventional neurosurgical procedures: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Unilateral Pyramidotomy of the Corticospinal Tract in Rats for Assessment of Neuroplasticity-inducing Therapies
08:41

Unilateral Pyramidotomy of the Corticospinal Tract in Rats for Assessment of Neuroplasticity-inducing Therapies

Published on: December 15, 2014

The human pyramidal syndrome Redux.

Fernanda Tovar-Moll1, Jorge Moll, Ivanei Edson Bramati

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. tovarmollf@gmail.com

Neuroreport
|August 23, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Damage to the medullary pyramid alone can cause permanent spastic hemiplegia (PSH) in humans. This study challenges previous research suggesting extrapyramidal pathway involvement is necessary for PSH.

More Related Videos

Virtual Prism Adaptation Therapy: Protocol for Validation in Healthy Adults
06:12

Virtual Prism Adaptation Therapy: Protocol for Validation in Healthy Adults

Published on: February 12, 2020

Full-Endoscopic Surgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma Resection
02:22

Full-Endoscopic Surgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma Resection

Published on: April 12, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Unilateral Pyramidotomy of the Corticospinal Tract in Rats for Assessment of Neuroplasticity-inducing Therapies
08:41

Unilateral Pyramidotomy of the Corticospinal Tract in Rats for Assessment of Neuroplasticity-inducing Therapies

Published on: December 15, 2014

Virtual Prism Adaptation Therapy: Protocol for Validation in Healthy Adults
06:12

Virtual Prism Adaptation Therapy: Protocol for Validation in Healthy Adults

Published on: February 12, 2020

Full-Endoscopic Surgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma Resection
02:22

Full-Endoscopic Surgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma Resection

Published on: April 12, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Clinical Anatomy

Background:

  • Experimental studies in nonhuman primates suggest pyramidal tract damage alone does not cause permanent spastic hemiplegia (PSH).
  • These studies propose that injury to extrapyramidal pathways is also necessary for hemiplegia and spasticity.
  • This challenges the classical understanding of PSH in humans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the anatomical correlates of PSH.
  • To determine if isolated damage to the medullary pyramid/pyramidal tract is sufficient to cause PSH in humans.
  • To reconcile conflicting findings between primate models and human clinical observations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  • Employed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography.
  • Analyzed a patient with a discrete unilateral lesion of the medullary pyramid.

Main Results:

  • Findings support the hypothesis that isolated damage to the medullary pyramid/pyramidal tract is sufficient to produce PSH.
  • Demonstrated specific anatomical correlates of PSH in the patient.
  • Contrasted findings with nonhuman primate studies.

Conclusions:

  • Damage confined to the medullary pyramid/pyramidal tract is sufficient to cause PSH in humans.
  • Human 'pyramidal' and 'pyramid' syndromes are equivalent clinico-anatomic concepts.
  • Findings challenge the necessity of extrapyramidal pathway involvement for PSH in humans.