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Related Experiment Videos

Mycotoxins in edible tree nuts.

Russell J Molyneux1, Noreen Mahoney, Jong H Kim

  • 1Western Regional Research Center, ARS/USDA, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA. molyneux@pw.usda.gov <molyneux@pw.usda.gov>

International Journal of Food Microbiology
|August 28, 2007
PubMed
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Natural antioxidants in tree nuts can inhibit aflatoxin production by fungi. Increasing these compounds may help meet European Community limits for tree nut exports.

Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Mycology
  • Food Safety

Background:

  • Tree nuts are a valuable crop, with significant export value threatened by aflatoxin contamination.
  • European Community regulations impose strict limits (4 ppb) on total aflatoxins in food products.
  • Natural antioxidants found in tree nuts may offer a consumer-acceptable method for controlling aflatoxin contamination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of natural antioxidants in tree nuts in controlling aflatoxin biosynthesis.
  • To test the hypothesis that oxidative stress stimulates aflatoxin production in Aspergillus flavus.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of antioxidant compounds in reducing aflatoxin levels in tree nuts.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro testing of individual antioxidant compounds found in tree nuts.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Inducing oxidative stress in Aspergillus flavus using tert-butyl hydroperoxide.
  • Incorporating the antioxidant tannic acid into fungal growth media to assess its effect on aflatoxin production.

    • Main Results:

    • Aflatoxin production in Aspergillus flavus was stimulated by induced oxidative stress.
    • The antioxidant tannic acid significantly inhibited aflatoxin formation when added to the growth media.
    • Antifungal effects of antioxidants correlated with their structure and concentration.

    Conclusions:

    • Oxidative stress appears to stimulate aflatoxin biosynthesis in fungi.
    • Natural antioxidants, such as tannic acid, can suppress or eliminate aflatoxin production.
    • Enhancing natural antioxidant content in tree nuts could be a strategy to meet regulatory limits and maintain export markets.