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Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
Published on: May 17, 2024
Congenital mammary asymmetry. Classification and surgical treatment
Stefano Bruschi1, Paolo Bogetti, Maria Alessandra Bocchiotti
1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Turin, Italy.
Aim Of The Study:
The Authors intend to guide the choice of surgical treatment for mammary asymmetry, according to specific form of asymmetry.
Material And Methods:
Possible types of symmetryzation surgery are listed. First Author's personal technique is described and some clinical cases are presented.
Discussion:
Regardless to specific surgical needs for the single case, a generally valid concept is the necessity of a surgical moulding meant to obtain the same volume for both breasts before positioning of implants. This allows a longer lasting symmetry between breasts, as aging modifications bilaterally occur at equal speed if the adipo-glandular structures obtained have the same volume.

