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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Published on: February 14, 2014

Cognitive control, goal maintenance, and prefrontal function in healthy aging.

Jessica L Paxton¹, Deanna M Barch, Caroline A Racine

¹Department of Psychology, Washington University, Campus Box 1125, One Brookings Drive, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63139, USA.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)

|September 7, 2007

Summary

Older adults show altered brain activity patterns in the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) during cognitive tasks. This suggests a shift from proactive to reactive cognitive control strategies with aging.

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Published on: May 7, 2014

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Gerontology

Background:

Cognitive control relies on maintaining goal-relevant information, often involving the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC).
Older adults may experience cognitive control impairments due to difficulties in actively maintaining this information.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate age-related differences in brain activity within the lateral PFC during cognitive control tasks.
To examine how older adults maintain goal-relevant information and its neural correlates.

Main Methods:

Two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies were conducted with healthy young and older adults.
Participants performed tasks requiring the use of contextual cues to process ambiguous probes, with varying cue-probe delays and designs (blocked/event-related).

Main Results:

Older adults exhibited generalized enhanced task-related brain activity but reduced activity in lateral PFC during cue-probe delays.
Sustained lateral PFC activity was enhanced in older adults, while transient trial-related activation was reduced.
Older adults showed reduced cue/delay period activation but increased probe-period activation in lateral PFC, especially on high-interference trials.

Conclusions:

Age-related cognitive control impairments may stem from difficulties in goal maintenance.
Older adults may adopt a reactive cognitive control strategy, contrasting with the proactive strategy seen in younger adults.