[Craniopharyngiomas]

Area of Science:

• Neuro-oncology
• Endocrinology
• Neurosurgery

Background:

• Craniopharyngiomas are rare (0.5-2/million) benign epithelial tumors in the sellar/suprasellar region.
• They affect both children and adults, causing visual disturbances, endocrine deficiencies, and neurological signs.
• Diagnosis relies on MRI/CT, revealing heterogeneous tumors with calcifications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the classification, diagnosis, and controversial management of craniopharyngiomas.
• To highlight advancements in surgical treatment and their impact on patient outcomes.
• To emphasize the necessity of long-term multidisciplinary follow-up.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of craniopharyngioma classification and treatment modalities.
• Analysis of surgical outcomes, including total, subtotal, and partial removal rates.
• Evaluation of radiotherapy efficacy and recurrence rates.

Main Results:

• Total tumor removal is achieved in 60-70% of patients, with significant improvements in prognosis.
• Radiotherapy is effective for recurrences (80%) when not used initially.
• Long-term follow-up is crucial for managing endocrine, visual, and psychological issues.

Conclusions:

• Despite surgical challenges, craniopharyngioma treatment has advanced, improving patient outcomes.
• Multidisciplinary management and long-term follow-up are essential for optimizing quality of life.
• Approximately 80% of patients can return to a normal, active life with appropriate care.