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List strength effect without list length effect in recognition memory.

Luciano G Buratto1, Koen Lamberts

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK. l.g.buratto@warwick.ac.uk

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|September 22, 2007
PubMed
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Memory research shows list length affects memory, but list strength does not. This study found list strength effects emerged with a switched-plurality procedure, challenging existing memory models.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • List length effects (LLE) and list strength effects (LSE) are crucial for understanding memory models.
  • Typically, LLE is observed in recognition memory, while LSE is not.
  • Existing memory models struggle to explain these differing effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the conditions under which list strength effects (LSE) manifest in recognition memory.
  • To challenge the conventional understanding of LLE and LSE in memory research.
  • To explore the role of recollection in LSE using a novel experimental paradigm.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a switched-plurality procedure in an old-new recognition task (e.g., study 'banana', test 'bananas').
  • Manipulated list length and list strength to assess memory performance.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Employed both size judgment and pleasantness judgment tasks to evaluate LSE.
  • Varied lure types (switched-plurality vs. unrelated) to probe the role of recollection.

    • Main Results:

    • List length manipulations did not significantly alter memory performance.
    • List strength manipulations produced significant memory effects, contrary to typical findings.
    • A list strength effect was observed specifically when recollection was likely (switched-plurality lures).
    • The list strength effect disappeared when recollection was unlikely (unrelated lures).

    Conclusions:

    • The switched-plurality procedure can elicit list strength effects in recognition memory, reversing the typical LLE/LSE pattern.
    • Recollection plays a critical role in the emergence of list strength effects.
    • These findings necessitate a refinement of current memory models to account for the influence of recollection on LSE.