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Surface immobilization methods for aptamer diagnostic applications.

Subramanian Balamurugan1, Anne Obubuafo, Steven A Soper

  • 1Chemistry Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
|September 25, 2007
PubMed
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This review explores aptamer immobilization techniques for analytical devices. Covalent linking to surfaces like gold and silicates is generally preferred over physisorption for robust aptamer-based assays.

Area of Science:

  • Bioconjugation Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Aptamers are crucial recognition elements in biosensors.
  • Effective immobilization of aptamers onto solid supports is vital for assay performance.
  • Various substrates and conjugation strategies exist, each with advantages and limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare diverse methods for aptamer immobilization.
  • To highlight preferred techniques and substrates for aptamer-based analytical formats.
  • To summarize chemical protocols and linker strategies for aptamer attachment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of aptamer immobilization techniques up to March 2007.
  • Analysis of covalent linking versus physisorption.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Discussion of aptamer conjugation to gold, functionalized surfaces, silicates, and novel substrates.
  • Comparison of linker types, attachment sites (3' vs. 5'), and regeneration methods.

    • Main Results:

    • Covalent immobilization is generally superior to physisorption for aptamer attachment.
    • Gold nanoparticles/films and functionalized silicates/silicon oxides are common substrates.
    • Biocoatings like avidin facilitate immobilization of biotinylated aptamers.
    • Novel substrates include quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, and carbohydrates.

    Conclusions:

    • Aptamer immobilization strategies significantly impact analytical device performance.
    • Covalent attachment offers robust and reliable aptamer immobilization.
    • Selection of substrate and linker chemistry is critical for specific applications.