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Related Concept Videos

Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care01:26

Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care

Aneurysm management involves either conservative medical therapy or surgical intervention, depending on the size and symptoms of the aneurysm. Conservative management is generally reserved for smaller, asymptomatic aneurysms, while larger or symptomatic aneurysms often necessitate surgical repair.Conservative Medical TherapyFor small, asymptomatic aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) less than 5.5 centimeters in diameter, conservative medical therapy is recommended. This...
Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management01:22

Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management

Vigilant monitoring for aneurysm rupture is essential for patients undergoing aortic surgery.Preoperative Nursing ManagementContinuously monitor the patient for manifestations of aneurysm rupture, such as pallor, weakness, tachycardia, hypotension, abdominal, back, groin, or periumbilical pain, changes in consciousness, and a pulsating abdominal mass. Regularly assess the patient's peripheral pulses.Instruct the patient to consume a clear liquid diet the day before surgery and administer...
Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Full-root Aortic Valve Replacement by Stentless Aortic Xenografts in Patients with Small Aortic Roots
12:17

Full-root Aortic Valve Replacement by Stentless Aortic Xenografts in Patients with Small Aortic Roots

Published on: May 21, 2017

Aortic root enlargement: what are the operative risks?

Jayesh Dhareshwar1, Thoralf M Sundt, Joseph A Dearani

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn 55905, USA.

The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
|October 2, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Aortic root enlargement during aortic valve replacement does not increase operative risk. Surgeons should not hesitate to enlarge the aortic root to ensure proper prosthesis size, improving patient outcomes.

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Standardized Technique of Aortic Valve Re-implantation for Valve-sparing Aortic Root Replacement
14:14

Standardized Technique of Aortic Valve Re-implantation for Valve-sparing Aortic Root Replacement

Published on: December 11, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Full-root Aortic Valve Replacement by Stentless Aortic Xenografts in Patients with Small Aortic Roots
12:17

Full-root Aortic Valve Replacement by Stentless Aortic Xenografts in Patients with Small Aortic Roots

Published on: May 21, 2017

Standardized Technique of Aortic Valve Re-implantation for Valve-sparing Aortic Root Replacement
14:14

Standardized Technique of Aortic Valve Re-implantation for Valve-sparing Aortic Root Replacement

Published on: December 11, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Cardiac Surgery Outcomes
  • Aortic Valve Replacement

Background:

  • Prosthesis-patient mismatch after aortic valve replacement (AVR) may impair left ventricular mass regression and long-term outcomes.
  • There is reluctance among surgeons to perform aortic root enlargement (ARE) procedures, even when small prostheses are indicated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the operative risks associated with AVR performed with and without concomitant aortic root enlargement.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective review of perioperative outcomes for 2366 patients undergoing AVR between 1993 and 2001.
  • Multivariable analysis was used to identify risk factors for operative death.

Main Results:

  • Aortic root enlargement was performed in 10.5% of patients, who were younger, more often female, and more likely to be undergoing reoperation.
  • While raw operative mortality was higher in the ARE group (5.6% vs 2.9%), multivariable analysis identified advanced functional class, preoperative congestive heart failure, and smaller valve size as independent risk factors for operative death, not ARE itself.
  • Patients undergoing ARE received smaller mean valve implant sizes (21.5 vs 23.2 mm).

Conclusions:

  • Aortic root enlargement does not independently increase operative risk in AVR.
  • ARE is often necessary in higher-risk patients requiring smaller valve prostheses.
  • Surgeons should consider ARE to implant appropriately sized aortic valve prostheses, mitigating the risks of prosthesis-patient mismatch.