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Complete Acid-Based Hydrolysis Assay for Carbohydrate Quantification in Seaweed: A Species-Specific Optimized

Emily T Kostas1, Stuart J Wilkinson2, Daniel A White3

  • 1UCL Manufacturing Futures Lab, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK. e.kostas@ucl.ac.uk.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|April 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Accurate seaweed carbohydrate quantification is vital for biorefining. This study optimizes acid hydrolysis, preventing sugar degradation and improving biomass analysis for diverse seaweed species.

Keywords:
CarbohydrateCompositionMacroalgaeMass balanceOptimizationSpecies

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Area of Science:

  • Biomass analysis
  • Carbohydrate chemistry
  • Marine biotechnology

Background:

  • Accurate carbohydrate quantification in biomass is essential for biorefining.
  • The standard NREL-based assay is too harsh for seaweed, causing sugar degradation.
  • This leads to inaccurate, low total sugar measurements in seaweed biomass.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To optimize the total acid hydrolysis protocol for seaweed biomass.
  • To enable accurate quantification of carbohydrate content in various seaweed species.
  • To address limitations of existing methods for marine biomass analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Modification of the NREL-based total acid hydrolysis protocol.
  • Optimization of reaction conditions (temperature, time, acid concentration).
  • Application of the optimized method to different seaweed species.

Main Results:

  • The optimized protocol prevents degradation of liberated sugars into furans.
  • Accurate total sugar quantification was achieved for multiple seaweed species.
  • The method provides reliable carbohydrate content data for marine biomass.

Conclusions:

  • The optimized total acid hydrolysis protocol ensures accurate seaweed carbohydrate quantification.
  • This improved method is suitable for diverse seaweed species, supporting biorefining applications.
  • The findings overcome limitations of existing assays for marine biomass analysis.