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[Diabetic foot and risk factors].

V Martín Borge¹, L Herranz de la Morena, I Castro Dufourny

¹Unidad de Diabetes, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid. virmarbor@hotmail.com

Anales De Medicina Interna (Madrid, Spain : 1984)

|October 3, 2007

Summary

Diabetic neuropathy is linked to poor metabolic control and microvascular issues. Peripheral arterial disease risk factors include age, hypertension, and coronary disease in diabetic patients.

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Vascular Medicine
Diabetology

Background:

Diabetic foot complications, including neuropathy and peripheral arterial disease (PAD), significantly impact patient quality of life.
Identifying specific risk factors is crucial for targeted interventions in diabetic foot care.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine clinical and metabolic risk factors associated with diabetic neuropathy and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in patients managed at a diabetic foot unit.
To compare patient characteristics across groups defined by the presence or absence of these complications.

Main Methods:

A cohort of 304 diabetic patients were evaluated between 2000 and 2005.
Diabetic neuropathy assessed via monofilament, tuning fork, and Boulton's scale; PAD assessed using ankle-brachial index (ABI) and toe-brachial index (TBI).
Patients categorized into four groups: normal, neuropathic, vascular (PAD), and mixed (neuropathy and PAD); demographic and clinical data analyzed.

Main Results:

Older age, hypertension, and coronary disease were significantly more prevalent in patients with PAD (vascular and mixed groups).
Higher frequencies of retinopathy, nephropathy, and elevated HbA1c levels were observed in patients with diabetic neuropathy (neuropathic and mixed groups).
Worse metabolic control (higher HbA1c) was associated with diabetic neuropathy.

Conclusions:

Diabetic neuropathy development is associated with poorer glycemic control and existing microvascular complications.
Age, hypertension, and coronary heart disease are identified as key risk factors for developing peripheral arterial disease in diabetic patients.
These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive risk factor management in preventing diabetic foot complications.