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Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Optical Frequency Domain Imaging of Ex vivo Pulmonary Resection Specimens: Obtaining One to One Image to Histopathology Correlation
Published on: January 22, 2013
Increased ranging depth in optical frequency domain imaging by frequency encoding
S M R Motaghian Nezam1, B J Vakoc, A E Desjardins
1Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA 02114, USA. Motaghiannezam.Reza@mgh.harvard.edu
Abstract:
A technique for increasing the ranging depth in optical frequency domain imaging utilizing frequency encoding is presented. Ranging depth is enhanced by using two interferometer reference arms with different path lengths and independent modulation frequencies (25 and 50 MHz). With this configuration, the sensitivity decreases by 6 dB over a depth range of 7 mm, approximately a threefold improvement over the conventional optical frequency domain imaging technique. We demonstrate that the reference arm frequency separation, tuning speed, center wavelength, and instantaneous coherence length determine the signal-to-cross-talk ratio.
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