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Related Concept Videos

Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
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Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Positron Emission Tomography01:29

Positron Emission Tomography

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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
One of the main requirements of a PET scan is a positron-emitting radioisotope, which is produced in a cyclotron and then attached to a substance used by the part of the body...
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Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

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Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
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Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

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Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 11, 2025

Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation
10:46

Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation

Published on: September 18, 2012

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Optical coherence tomography.

B E Bouma1,2,3, J F de Boer4, D Huang5

  • 1Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Nature Reviews. Methods Primers
|February 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides non-contact, 3D imaging of sample microstructure. This primer details OCT principles, configurations, and applications in biological and medical imaging, emphasizing signal processing and interpretation.

Keywords:
AngiographyElastographyFourier-domainPolarimetrydetection sensitivityfrequency-domaininterferometryresolutionspectral-domainspectrometerwavelength-swept laser

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Last Updated: Aug 11, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Optical Physics

Background:

  • Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a versatile, non-contact imaging technique.
  • It offers high-resolution, three-dimensional visualization of sample topology and internal microstructure.
  • OCT finds applications ranging from conventional microscopy to ophthalmic scanning and endoscopic procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the fundamental principles of various OCT instrument configurations.
  • To explain signal generation based on light scattering and propagation.
  • To focus on the biological and medical imaging applications of OCT.

Main Methods:

  • Description of principles behind different OCT instrument configurations.
  • Explanation of signal origin from light scattering and propagation.
  • Examination of signal processing methods and algorithms for enhanced sensitivity and functional information.

Main Results:

  • OCT enables sensitive detection of weak reflections, revealing structural and functional information.
  • Image processing, display, and interpretation are critical for effective biomedical imaging.
  • Discussion includes common image artifacts and limitations.

Conclusions:

  • OCT is a powerful tool for biological and medical imaging.
  • Understanding its principles, configurations, and processing is key to its effective application.
  • Future advances promise expanded capabilities and opportunities in OCT imaging.