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Laparoscopic Extracorporeal Knot-Tying for Uterine Vessel Occlusion during Hysterectomy with Cervical Cerclage in Large Uteri
Published on: September 12, 2025
Copper containing, framed intra-uterine devices for contraception
R Kulier1, P A O'Brien, F M Helmerhorst
1Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Route de Florissant 3, Geneva, Switzerland, CH-1208, regina.kulier@bluewin.ch
The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|October 19, 2007
Summary
TCu380A and TCu380S intrauterine devices (IUDs) offer superior pregnancy prevention compared to other copper IUDs. No IUD demonstrated consistent advantages in reducing side effects like bleeding or pain.
Area of Science:
- Contraception
- Gynecology
- Public Health
Background:
- Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are established, reversible long-term contraception methods.
- Variations in IUD design, copper content, and placement may influence effectiveness and side effect profiles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the effectiveness and side effects of different copper intrauterine devices (IUDs).
Main Methods:
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of 35 randomized controlled trials involving approximately 48,000 women.
- Data extraction and analysis were performed independently by two reviewers, using fixed-effects and random-effects models as appropriate.
Main Results:
- TCu380A demonstrated higher effectiveness in preventing pregnancy than MLCu375, MLCu250, TCu220, and TCu200.
- TCu380S showed comparable or slightly better pregnancy prevention than TCu380A after the first year, despite higher expulsion rates.
- No significant differences in bleeding, pain, or other discontinuation reasons were observed between TCu380A/TCu380S and other IUDs.
Conclusions:
- TCu380A and TCu380S appear to be the most effective copper IUDs for pregnancy prevention.
- No specific framed copper IUD demonstrated consistent benefits regarding removal rates for bleeding or pain.
- Limited data exist on IUD suitability for nulliparous women.
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