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Developmental differences in cognitive control of socio-affective processing.

Kelly Anne Barnes1, Lauren A Kaplan, Chandan J Vaidya

  • 1Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA. kab69@georgetown.edu

Developmental Neuropsychology
|October 25, 2007
PubMed
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Cognitive control over spatial attention is mature by age 6, unaffected by symbolic or social cues. However, socio-affective processing of eye gaze, particularly angry faces, develops significantly during preadolescence.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental psychology
  • Cognitive neuroscience
  • Social cognition

Background:

  • Cognitive control is crucial for filtering distractions.
  • Socio-affective cues, like facial expressions and eye gaze, can influence attention and cognitive processes.
  • Understanding developmental trajectories of cognitive control in response to social and emotional stimuli is important.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate developmental differences in cognitive control when processing distracting socio-affective cues.
  • To examine how symbolic, social, and socio-emotional cues differentially impact cognitive control in children and adults.
  • To identify age-related changes in the processing of averted eye gaze and facial emotions.

Main Methods:

  • A Stroop-type task was administered to adults and children aged 6-13 years.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Participants responded to target words (LEFT/RIGHT) amidst to-be-ignored spatial cues (arrows, eye gaze in faces).
  • Cues varied in symbolic (arrows), social (eye gaze), and socio-emotional (facial expressions) properties.

    • Main Results:

    • Spatial cues (arrows, eye gaze) interfered with response selection, indicating cognitive control challenges.
    • Interference from symbolic and social cues did not differ between children and adults, suggesting early maturation of this control.
    • Older children (10-13 years) showed heightened interference from averted eye gaze in angry faces compared to younger children and adults, indicating developmental changes in socio-affective processing.

    Conclusions:

    • Cognitive control over spatial attention is mature by age 6.
    • Socio-affective processing, particularly the influence of averted eye gaze in negative emotional contexts, undergoes significant development during preadolescence.
    • These findings highlight distinct developmental pathways for cognitive control of spatial versus socio-affective information.