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From a Natural Product to Its Biosynthetic Gene Cluster: A Demonstration Using Polyketomycin from Streptomyces diastatochromogenes Tü6028

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Polymyxin E production by P. amylolyticus.

E DeCrescenzo Henriksen¹, D R Phillips, J B Doran Peterson

¹Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.

Letters in Applied Microbiology

|October 26, 2007

Summary

Bacteria from aquatic crane fly hindguts produce polymyxins E(1) and E(2). This study identifies a novel source of these important antibiotics, Paenibacillus amylolyticus, and confirms their production by these insect-associated microbes.

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Published on: January 13, 2013

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Insect Microbiology
Natural Product Discovery

Background:

The hindgut of insects harbors diverse microbial communities.
Antibiotic production by symbiotic bacteria is a known phenomenon.
Paenibacillus species are known producers of various bioactive compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify antibiotic-producing bacteria within the hindgut of Tipula abdominalis.
To characterize the specific antibiotics produced by these isolates.
To establish a novel source for polymyxin E antibiotics.

Main Methods:

Isolation and identification of bacteria from T. abdominalis hindgut.
16S rRNA gene sequencing for bacterial identification.
Cross-streak assays to screen for antibacterial activity.
Biochemical tests and chromatographic purification of antimicrobials.
Postsource decay mass spectroscopy (PSD MS) for antimicrobial identification.

Main Results:

Five bacterial isolates showed significant 16S rRNA similarity to Paenibacillus amylolyticus.
These isolates exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Polymyxins E(1) and E(2) were identified as the produced antimicrobials.
All five P. amylolyticus isolates were confirmed to produce polymyxins E(1) and E(2).

Conclusions:

The hindgut of Tipula abdominalis is a novel source for polymyxin E production.
This study reports for the first time antibiotic production by Paenibacillus amylolyticus.
The findings expand the known ecological niches for polymyxin-producing bacteria.