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Cortical folding abnormalities in autism revealed by surface-based morphometry.

Christine Wu Nordahl1, Donna Dierker, Iman Mostafavi

  • 1The Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, USA. crswu@ucdavis.edu

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|October 26, 2007
PubMed
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Cortical shape abnormalities are present in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) subgroups, differing by severity and age. These brain differences, particularly in children, suggest altered early neurodevelopmental trajectories in autism.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social communication deficits and restricted, repetitive behaviors.
  • Previous research suggests atypical brain development in individuals with ASD, but specific patterns of cortical abnormalities remain under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cortical shape abnormalities in children and adolescents with different autism spectrum disorder (ASD) subgroups using surface-based morphometry.
  • To explore age-related differences in these abnormalities and their correlation with clinical measures.

Main Methods:

  • Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were used to generate sulcal depth maps.
  • Surface-based morphometry compared typically developing controls with low-functioning autism, high-functioning autism, and Asperger syndrome subgroups.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analyses were conducted separately for children and adolescents.

    • Main Results:

    • Low-functioning autism group showed abnormalities in the inferior frontal gyrus, anterior insula, and frontal operculum.
    • High-functioning autism group exhibited similar but smaller, more posterior abnormalities near the parietal operculum and postcentral gyrus.
    • Asperger syndrome group displayed intraparietal sulcus abnormalities correlated with age, IQ, and ASD symptom severity.
    • Cortical abnormalities were more pronounced in children than adolescents, suggesting an altered developmental trajectory.

    Conclusions:

    • Distinct patterns of cortical shape abnormalities are associated with different ASD subgroups.
    • Findings support an altered early brain development trajectory in autism.
    • Identified regions may exhibit abnormal connectivity patterns in individuals with ASD.