Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 10, 2026
05:56
A Reproducible Intensive Care Unit-Oriented Endotoxin Model in Rats
Published on: February 20, 2021
[Severe sepsis and septic shock]
M P Rodrigo Casanova1, J M García Peña, V Rodríguez
1Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital de Basurto, Vizcaya. casanova18@telefonica.net
Revista Espanola De Anestesiologia Y Reanimacion
|November 13, 2007
Summary
Sepsis causes over 60% of critical care deaths. This review details sepsis pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management, focusing on Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines and recent updates.
Area of Science:
- Critical care medicine
- Infectious diseases
- Pathophysiology
Context:
- Sepsis and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS) are leading causes of mortality in intensive care units.
- Despite advances in patient management, mortality rates remain high, exceeding 60%.
Purpose:
- To review the pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic markers of sepsis.
- To assess infection severity and progression from sepsis to severe sepsis and septic shock.
- To highlight the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines and recent updates.
Summary:
- The review covers the mechanisms of sepsis and MODS, risk factors, and clinical manifestations.
- Diagnostic approaches include clinical assessment and biochemical markers for infection severity.
- Management strategies are discussed, emphasizing evidence-based guidelines.
Impact:
- Provides a comprehensive overview of sepsis for clinicians and researchers.
- Aids in the timely diagnosis and effective management of sepsis.
- Contributes to reducing mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis.
Related Concept Videos
01:22Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction
Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
01:28Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management
Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
01:24Blood Pressure Imbalances and Circulatory Shock
Disorders affecting blood volume, vascular tone, or vascular function can disrupt vascular homeostasis, including conditions like hypertension, hemorrhage, and shock.
Blood Pressure: Hypertension and Hypotension
Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg. Elevated blood pressure is 120-129/under 80 mm Hg. Hypertension, warranting treatment at 130/80 mm Hg, is often asymptomatic and can lead to severe cardiovascular events, aneurysms, peripheral arterial disease, chronic renal disease, or cardiac...
Blood Pressure: Hypertension and Hypotension
Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg. Elevated blood pressure is 120-129/under 80 mm Hg. Hypertension, warranting treatment at 130/80 mm Hg, is often asymptomatic and can lead to severe cardiovascular events, aneurysms, peripheral arterial disease, chronic renal disease, or cardiac...
01:25Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects
Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
01:29Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction
Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
01:29Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...