Interleukin 1beta levels around microscrew implants during orthodontic tooth movement

Area of Science:

• Orthodontics
• Biomaterials Science
• Immunology

Background:

• Orthodontic treatment often requires absolute anchorage.
• Microscrew implants are increasingly used as temporary anchorage devices.
• Inflammatory responses, such as elevated interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), can affect implant stability.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate IL-1beta levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid around orthodontic microscrew implants.
• To determine if IL-1beta levels change during active tooth movement using microscrew implants for anchorage.

Main Methods:

• Ten young adults with extracted premolars received 20 maxillary microscrew implants.
• Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri-microscrew implant crevicular fluid (MICF) were collected at multiple time points.
• IL-1beta levels were measured using an automated enzyme immunoassay.

Main Results:

• IL-1beta levels in the treatment group (maxillary canines undergoing movement) were significantly elevated at 24 and 48 hours post-initiation of tooth movement.
• IL-1beta levels in the control (mandibular canines) and implant groups did not change significantly.
• IL-1beta levels were significantly higher in the treatment group compared to control and implant groups at 24 and 48 hours.

Conclusions:

• Microscrew implants themselves did not show increased IL-1beta levels.
• The observed IL-1beta elevation was associated with the tooth movement, not the implant.
• These findings support the use of microscrew implants as stable absolute anchorage devices in orthodontics.