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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Multiplex Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Spatial Immune Cell Landscape of the Tumor Microenvironment
06:32

Multiplex Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Spatial Immune Cell Landscape of the Tumor Microenvironment

Published on: August 18, 2023

Basic and tumor immunology: a review.

Roger W Melvold1, Robert P Sticca

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037, USA.

Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America
|November 21, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The immune system, comprising innate and adaptive components, protects animals from threats and prevents cancer. Understanding its mechanisms allows for therapeutic manipulation to benefit human health.

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Evaluation of Tumor-infiltrating Leukocyte Subsets in a Subcutaneous Tumor Model
07:49

Evaluation of Tumor-infiltrating Leukocyte Subsets in a Subcutaneous Tumor Model

Published on: April 13, 2015

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Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Multiplex Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Spatial Immune Cell Landscape of the Tumor Microenvironment
06:32

Multiplex Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Spatial Immune Cell Landscape of the Tumor Microenvironment

Published on: August 18, 2023

Evaluation of Tumor-infiltrating Leukocyte Subsets in a Subcutaneous Tumor Model
07:49

Evaluation of Tumor-infiltrating Leukocyte Subsets in a Subcutaneous Tumor Model

Published on: April 13, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Immunology and evolutionary biology.
  • Cancer biology and immunology.

Background:

  • The immune system is crucial for animal defense against external threats.
  • It comprises two main branches: the innate and adaptive immune systems.
  • Malignant cells evade immune surveillance to form tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of the immune system's protective and detrimental roles.
  • To highlight the importance of immune system interactions in disease.
  • To explore the potential for immune system manipulation for therapeutic benefit.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current immunological research.
  • Analysis of the evolutionary development of immune systems.
  • Examination of host-pathogen and tumor-immune interactions.

Main Results:

  • The immune system has evolved sophisticated mechanisms for defense.
  • Malignant transformation is often controlled by immune surveillance.
  • Dysregulation of the immune system can lead to autoimmune diseases and other pathologies.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in immunology have significantly increased our knowledge of immune function.
  • Understanding immune system communication and interactions is key to developing new therapies.
  • Targeting the immune system offers promising avenues for treating cancer and other diseases.