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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...

The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Tissue Transplantation

Tissue Transplantation

Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

A Mouse Tumor Model of Surgical Stress to Explore the Mechanisms of Postoperative Immunosuppression and Evaluate Novel Perioperative Immunotherapies

A Mouse Tumor Model of Surgical Stress to Explore the Mechanisms of Postoperative Immunosuppression and Evaluate Novel Perioperative Immunotherapies

Published on: March 12, 2014

The surgeon's role in immunotherapy.

Robert P Sticca¹, Jonathan A Sticca

¹Department of Surgery, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 501 North Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58201, USA. rsticca@medicine.nodak.edu

Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America

|November 21, 2007

Summary

Immunotherapy is becoming crucial for solid tumors. Surgeons play a vital role in optimizing surgical management and developing new immunotherapy strategies to improve cancer treatment outcomes.

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Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Published on: March 7, 2025

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Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

A Mouse Tumor Model of Surgical Stress to Explore the Mechanisms of Postoperative Immunosuppression and Evaluate Novel Perioperative Immunotherapies

A Mouse Tumor Model of Surgical Stress to Explore the Mechanisms of Postoperative Immunosuppression and Evaluate Novel Perioperative Immunotherapies

Published on: March 12, 2014

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Published on: March 7, 2025

Area of Science:

Oncology
Surgical Oncology
Immunology

Background:

Immunotherapy is increasingly vital in multidisciplinary cancer care for solid tumors.
Optimizing surgical management is key to enhancing anti-tumor immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the critical roles surgeons play in the advancement of cancer immunotherapy.
To highlight the importance of surgical involvement in developing effective immunotherapy regimens.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on the intersection of surgery and immunotherapy in cancer treatment.
Analysis of current and future roles for surgeons in immunotherapy research and clinical practice.

Main Results:

Immunotherapy offers a beneficial adjunct to surgical excision for high-risk and recurrent tumors.
It presents potential for decreased toxicity and disability compared to traditional adjuvant therapies.

Conclusions:

Surgeons must actively engage in immunotherapy development for successful implementation.
Surgical expertise is essential for realizing the full potential of immunotherapy in cancer therapy.