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Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...

Spinal Cord

Spinal Cord

The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.

Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy

Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy

The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
Gray Matter and its Components
Central to the gray matter is...

Spinal Cord: Information Processing

Spinal Cord: Information Processing

The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This communication consists of relaying sensory data and transmission of motor commands.
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Sensory information processing begins at the sensory receptors located in the skin and other tissues, which detect somatic sensory stimuli such as touch, temperature, or pain. These receptors function as catalysts, initiating...

Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy

Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy

The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...

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Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Chronic Spinal Cord Compression

Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Chronic Spinal Cord Compression

Published on: May 7, 2019

[Hodgkin's disease presenting with spinal cord compression].

M Rabhi¹, K Ennibi, J Chaari

¹Service de Médecine "A", Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc. m_rabhi@menara.ma

Revue Neurologique

|November 23, 2007

Summary

Spinal cord compression is a rare initial symptom of Hodgkin lymphoma. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with surgery and chemotherapy can lead to favorable outcomes in these infrequent cases.

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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Chronic Spinal Cord Compression

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Neurology
Hematology

Background:

Hematological neoplasms can present with neurological compression, typically in advanced non-Hodgkin lymphomas.
Spinal cord compression as an initial presentation of Hodgkin lymphoma is exceptionally rare.

Observation:

A 54-year-old man presented with spastic paraplegia due to a thoracic vertebral and extradural mass.
Imaging revealed a spinal mass; histology confirmed Hodgkin's disease.

Findings:

The patient underwent successful decompressive surgery and chemotherapy (ABVD regimen).
Post-operative staging showed no other disease localization, indicating an isolated vertebral Hodgkin lymphoma.

Implications:

This case highlights the importance of considering Hodgkin lymphoma in the differential diagnosis of spinal cord compression, even as an initial symptom.
Early diagnosis and multimodal treatment (surgery and chemotherapy) are crucial for favorable outcomes in spinal cord compression due to Hodgkin's disease.