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Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers. Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis. Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold sister...

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.

Karyotyping

Karyotyping

Describing the number and physical features of chromosomes can reveal abnormalities that underlie genetic diseases. This description is facilitated by special staining techniques that produce a particular banding pattern on each chromosome. State-of-the-art techniques make this approach even more powerful, enabling the detection of individual genes that cause disease.A Simple Chromosome Staining Technique Provides Valuable Scientific InsightSome genetic diseases can be detected by looking at...

Genetic Screens

Genetic Screens

Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which result in visible changes...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy

Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy

Published on: August 25, 2019

[Screening for aneuploidies in twins].

E Quarello¹, Y Ville

¹Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, centre hospitalier intercommunal de Poissy, 10, rue du Champ-Gaillard, 78303 Poissy, France. e.quarello@orange.fr

Gynecologie, Obstetrique & Fertilite

|November 27, 2007

Summary

Twin pregnancy screening for fetal aneuploidy is crucial due to increased risks. This review covers current screening methods and evidence for twin pregnancies.

Area of Science:

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal Diagnosis
Genetics

Context:

The incidence of twin pregnancies has significantly risen over the past 20 years.
Twin pregnancies carry a theoretically higher risk of fetal aneuploidy compared to singleton pregnancies.
Current screening guidelines recommend offering aneuploidy screening to all twin pregnancies.

Purpose:

To review and synthesize the existing evidence on screening methods for fetal aneuploidies in twin pregnancies.
To examine the effectiveness and applicability of various screening techniques in the context of multiple gestations.
To provide an overview of current practices and future directions in aneuploidy screening for twins.

Summary:

This review critically evaluates the methodologies employed for screening fetal aneuploidies in twin pregnancies.

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Pre-Implantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy on a Semiconductor Based Next-Generation Sequencing Platform

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Chromosome Screening of Human Preimplantation Embryos by Using Spent Culture Medium: Sample Collection and Chromosomal Ploidy Analysis

Chromosome Screening of Human Preimplantation Embryos by Using Spent Culture Medium: Sample Collection and Chromosomal Ploidy Analysis

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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy

Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy

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Pre-Implantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy on a Semiconductor Based Next-Generation Sequencing Platform

Pre-Implantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy on a Semiconductor Based Next-Generation Sequencing Platform

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Chromosome Screening of Human Preimplantation Embryos by Using Spent Culture Medium: Sample Collection and Chromosomal Ploidy Analysis

Chromosome Screening of Human Preimplantation Embryos by Using Spent Culture Medium: Sample Collection and Chromosomal Ploidy Analysis

Published on: September 7, 2021

It discusses the diagnostic accuracy, limitations, and practical considerations of different screening approaches.

Evidence supporting the use of various screening strategies in twin gestations is presented.

Impact:

Informs healthcare providers about the latest evidence in twin pregnancy aneuploidy screening.
Aids in the clinical decision-making process for offering and interpreting screening tests in twins.
Contributes to improving prenatal care and outcomes for twin pregnancies.