An efficient method for the extraction of astaxanthin from the red yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous

This study investigated an efficient method for the extraction of astaxanthin from the red yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. The extraction process comprised three steps: (1) cultivating the yeast; (2) treating the yeast culture suspension with microwaves to destroy the cell walls and microbodies; and (3) drying the yeast and extracting the astaxanthin pigment using ethanol, methanol, acetone, or a mixture of the three as the extraction solvent. Ultimately, various treatment tests were performed to determine the conditions for optimal pigment extraction, and the total carotenoid and astaxanthin contents were quantified. A frequency of 2,450 MHz, an output of 500 watts, and irradiation time of 60 s were the most optimum conditions for yeast cell wall destruction. Furthermore, optimal pigment extraction occurred when using a cell density of 10 g/l at 30 C over 24 h, with a 10% volume of ethanol.