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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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An optometric approach to patients with sensory integration dysfunction.

Christine L Allison1, Helen Gabriel, Darrell Schlange

  • 1Illinois College of Optometry, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA. callison@ico.edu

Optometry (St. Louis, Mo.)
|December 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Children with sensory integration dysfunction often exhibit visual-perceptual and oculomotor issues. Comprehensive eye exams and interventions like vision therapy and yoked prisms can significantly improve their outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology and Optometry
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Sensory integration dysfunction (SID) is a neurologic condition affecting sensory processing, leading to hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity.
  • Children with SID may display hyperactivity, poor motor skills, balance problems, and attention deficits, often co-occurring with developmental disabilities and autism.
  • Oculomotor and visual-perceptual deficits are common but under-recognized manifestations of SID.

Observation:

  • Two siblings with a history of sensory integration problems underwent comprehensive eye examinations.
  • Visual-perceptual testing included the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA), Developmental Eye Movement Test (DEM), and Visagraph.
  • The efficacy of yoked prisms was explored as a potential intervention.

Findings:

  • Both children demonstrated oculomotility problems identified through DEM and Visagraph assessments.
  • One child exhibited widespread visual-perceptual deficits, including issues with reversals, spatial relations, sequential memory, and form constancy.
  • Both children were diagnosed with low hyperopia and showed improved postural control and balance when using yoked prisms.

Implications:

  • Thorough visual, perceptual, and oculomotor assessments are crucial for identifying underlying issues in children with SID.
  • Vision therapy and the use of yoked prisms represent promising therapeutic strategies for managing visual-perceptual and oculomotor challenges in this population.
  • Early identification and intervention can mitigate the impact of SID on a child's development and daily functioning.