[Diaphragmatic hernias, excluding hiatal hernias with gastroesophageal reflux]

Large, mixed hiatal hernias are usually found between the ages of 60 and 70 years, with a female predominance (60%). The natural history is progression toward the appearance of symptoms, although 30%-40% of patients are initially asymptomatic. Symptoms develop quietly. The indication for surgical treatment of hiatal hernias amounts to considering the risks of leaving it in place. The literature reports a morbidity and mortality rate related to the complications of these hernias, leading to emergency interventions, which have an incidence of 1.16%.with a 27% mortality rate. Morbidity appears different depending on the approach used: laparoscopy or laparotomy (4.3% versus 16%). The debate continues on whether to monitor or treat these hernias, with a lack of consensus on the indications and the technique. However, the laparoscopic approach shows a gain in the length of the hospital stay, an easier approach to the hiatus in the diaphragm, and a lower morbidity and mortality rate. Fundoplication is advised, as well as placing prosthetic mesh if the orifice is larger than 8 cm. There is no indication for lengthening the esophagus (Collis-Nissen fundoplication).