Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Transmission Line Design Considerations

Transmission Line Design Considerations

Aluminum has become the material of choice for overhead transmission lines, surpassing copper due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The most prevalent type is the aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR), which combines aluminum strands around a steel core. Other variants include all-aluminum conductors (AAC), all-aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC), aluminum conductor alloy-reinforced (ACAR), and aluminum-clad steel conductors. Advanced designs, such as aluminum conductors with steel...

$Interference and Diffraction$ 02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Pattern-integrated interference lithography instrumentation.

The Review of scientific instruments·2012

Same author

Three-beam interference lithography methodology.

The Review of scientific instruments·2011

Same author

Lossy multilayer channel optical waveguides analyzed by the transmission line matrix method.

Applied optics·2010

Same author

Subwavelength transmission grating retarders for use at 10.6 μm.

Applied optics·2010

Same author

Comparison of beam propagation method and rigorous coupled-wave analysis for single and multiplexed volume gratings.

Applied optics·2010

Same author

Ferroelectric liquid-crystal waveguide modulation based on a switchable uniaxial-uniaxial interface.

Applied optics·2010

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

Published on: November 30, 2012

Volume grating preferential-order focusing waveguide coupler.

S M Schultz, E N Glytsis, T K Gaylord

|December 15, 2007

Summary

Researchers developed a novel volume grating waveguide coupler. This device efficiently couples light from a waveguide into air, focusing it into a sharp line with high precision.

Area of Science:

Optoelectronics
Waveguide Optics
Holographic Gratings

Background:

Integrated optical devices require efficient methods for coupling light out of waveguides.
Existing outcoupling techniques can suffer from low efficiency or poor beam quality.
Volume gratings offer potential for advanced optical control and manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To design, fabricate, and test a volume grating focusing waveguide coupler.
To achieve efficient, normal-incidence light outcoupling from a single-mode waveguide.
To focus the outcoupled light into a line with high spatial resolution.

Main Methods:

Holographic recording of a slanted-fringe volume grating using two coherent ultraviolet beams.
Focusing the ultraviolet beams with a cylindrical lens to create a chirped grating structure.

More Related Videos

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

Published on: August 5, 2013

Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System

Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System

Published on: July 18, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

Published on: November 30, 2012

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

Published on: August 5, 2013

Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System

Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System

Published on: July 18, 2015

Fabrication of a 1-mm-long volume grating coupler integrated with a polyimide waveguide.

Testing the coupler's preferential-coupling ratio, coupling efficiency, and focal line quality.

Main Results:

The volume grating coupler preferentially couples light into the air cover with a ratio of 0.98.
Achieved a high coupling efficiency of 95%.
Generated an almost diffraction-limited focal line with a full width at half-maximum of 10.49 micrometers.

Conclusions:

The designed volume grating waveguide coupler demonstrates highly efficient and precise light outcoupling.
The holographic fabrication method enables the creation of complex grating structures for optical control.
This technology holds promise for applications requiring focused light delivery from waveguides.