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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus01:22

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...
Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory neuropathy reduces pain perception,...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice
04:36

An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice

Published on: January 12, 2024

[An update on diabetic retinopathy].

Ehud Rechtman1, Alon Harris

  • 1Retina Unit, Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel. ehudrechtman@yahoo.com

Harefuah
|December 20, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Diabetic retinopathy, a complication of diabetes, is a leading cause of blindness in working-age adults. Systemic control and ocular treatments help reduce blindness risk, with ongoing research offering new insights.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology
  • Diabetology

Context:

  • Diabetic retinopathy is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus.
  • It is a significant cause of blindness in the working-age population in Western countries.
  • Diabetic retinopathy has the highest economic impact among ocular diseases.

Purpose:

  • To review the various aspects of diabetic retinopathy.
  • To provide an update on new research in the field.

Summary:

  • Decades of research confirm that systemic control and ocular treatments reduce the risk of blindness associated with diabetic retinopathy.
  • Despite advancements, diabetic retinopathy remains a primary cause of vision loss in the economically active population.
  • This review synthesizes current knowledge and emerging research on diabetic retinopathy management and outcomes.

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Retinal Pathophysiological Evaluation in a Rat Model
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Retinal Pathophysiological Evaluation in a Rat Model

Published on: May 6, 2022

Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats
07:41

Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats

Published on: October 23, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice
04:36

An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice

Published on: January 12, 2024

Retinal Pathophysiological Evaluation in a Rat Model
09:11

Retinal Pathophysiological Evaluation in a Rat Model

Published on: May 6, 2022

Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats
07:41

Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats

Published on: October 23, 2020

Impact:

  • Highlights the substantial public health and economic burden of diabetic retinopathy.
  • Emphasizes the importance of continued research and therapeutic advancements.
  • Underscores the need for effective management strategies to prevent blindness in diabetic patients.