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Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Site-Directed Immobilization of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 to Solid Surfaces by Click Chemistry
Published on: March 29, 2018
Bone morphogenetic proteins and the induction of bone formation: from laboratory to patients
Ugo Ripamonti1, Manolis Heliotis, Carlo Ferretti
1Bone Research Unit, Medical Research Council/University of the Witwatersrand, Medical School, 2193 Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa. ugo.ripamonti@wits.ac.za
Abstract:
This article revisits the induction of bone by the osteogenic proteins of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily in nonhuman and human primates and proposes that the translation in clinical contexts of the phenomenon of bone; formation by autoinduction, is predictably achievable by the binary application of relatively low doses of transforming growth factor-beta proteins with a recombinant human osteogenic protein. The synergistic induction of bone formation is a cost-effective clinical strategy because published data in nonhuman primates have shown that doses of recombinant human recombinant osteogenic protein-1 can be reduced at least fivefold and still increase bone formation compared with higher doses of single applications of human recombinant osteogenic protein-1.
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