Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Purifying the Impure: Sequencing Metagenomes and Metatranscriptomes from Complex Animal-associated Samples
11:23

Purifying the Impure: Sequencing Metagenomes and Metatranscriptomes from Complex Animal-associated Samples

Published on: December 22, 2014

Microorganisms present in discharging otitis media in a group of patients in Kathmandu

Anil Kumar Jha1, Jay Bir Singh, Devesh Dutta

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Jorpati. drakjha@gmail.com

Nepal Medical College Journal : NMCJ
|December 21, 2007
PubMed

Insights

This study identified common bacteria in ear discharge, with Staphylococcus aureus being the most frequent. Many isolates showed sensitivity to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamycin.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Ear discharge is a common symptom of ear infections.
  • Identifying causative agents is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the predominant bacterial strains in ear discharges.
  • To determine antibiotic sensitivity patterns for common ear pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • A microbiological study of 115 patients with discharging otitis media.
  • Bacterial isolation and identification from ear discharge samples.
  • Antibiotic sensitivity testing using amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamycin.

Main Results:

  • Staphylococcus aureus (34.3%) was the most frequently isolated organism.
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae (24.3%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22.8%) were also common.
  • Isolates showed high sensitivity to amikacin (65.9%), ciprofloxacin (64.8%), and gentamycin (56.0%).

Conclusions:

  • Staphylococcus aureus is a primary pathogen in discharging otitis media.
  • Amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamycin are effective antibiotics against common ear discharge bacteria.
  • Further research is needed for cases with unidentified causative agents.

Related Concept Videos

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...
Microbiome of the Eye01:22

Microbiome of the Eye

The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...
Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract01:28

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...