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Related Concept Videos

Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
Genital Herpes01:23

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), though herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is increasingly implicated in genital infections, particularly among younger populations. Transmission occurs mainly through sexual contact, with asymptomatic viral shedding serving as a major route of spread. This characteristic makes HSV-2 difficult to control at a population level, as individuals may unknowingly transmit the virus even in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

The Examination of Peroxidase-Positive Leukocytes in Semen
04:36

The Examination of Peroxidase-Positive Leukocytes in Semen

Published on: January 19, 2024

Screening for sexually transmitted infection pathogens in semen samples.

Rw Peeling1, J Embree

  • 1World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien Des Maladies Infectieuses Et De La Microbiologie Medicale
|December 27, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Screening semen donations for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae is crucial to prevent serious reproductive complications and offspring infections. Sensitive nucleic acid amplification tests are recommended, with quality controls to ensure accurate STI pathogen detection.

Keywords:
Best practiceSemen screeningSexually transmitted infections

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

The Examination of Peroxidase-Positive Leukocytes in Semen
04:36

The Examination of Peroxidase-Positive Leukocytes in Semen

Published on: January 19, 2024

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Biomarkers for Detecting Human Sperm Functional Defects
08:48

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Biomarkers for Detecting Human Sperm Functional Defects

Published on: April 21, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive medicine
  • Infectious disease screening
  • Assisted reproductive technology

Background:

  • Semen donation carries risks of transmitting sexually transmitted infection (STI) pathogens.
  • Infections can lead to acute illness, reproductive complications, and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including offspring infection.
  • Current screening practices require optimization for accuracy and effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the necessity and methods for screening semen donations for STI pathogens.
  • To identify key bacterial pathogens requiring mandatory screening and discuss the utility of screening for other organisms.
  • To emphasize the importance of sensitive detection methods and quality control in semen donor screening.

Main Methods:

  • Review of guidelines and scientific literature on STI screening in semen donations.
  • Discussion of diagnostic methods, including nucleic acid amplified tests (NAATs) and culture.
  • Analysis of the clinical significance of various STI pathogens (bacterial, viral, parasitic) in semen.

Main Results:

  • Strong recommendation for screening Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae using sensitive methods like NAATs.
  • Importance of monitoring for false-negative results using amplification controls.
  • Questionable validity of mandatory screening for Trichomonas vaginalis, group B streptococcus, and genital mycoplasmas due to frequent presence in healthy individuals.
  • Antibody testing of donors is more sensitive for viral STIs and Treponema pallidum.
  • Universal recommendation for donor screening for HIV, hepatitis B, and syphilis via serology.

Conclusions:

  • Mandatory screening for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae in semen donors is essential for preventing reproductive harm.
  • Sensitive molecular methods and robust quality control are vital for accurate screening.
  • The role of screening for other pathogens requires further evaluation based on clinical relevance and detection sensitivity.