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Related Experiment Videos

Ketamine.

B Sinner1, B M Graf

  • 1Zentrum für Anaesthesie, Rettungs- und Intensivmedizin, Georg August Universität Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. bgraf@ZARI.de

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
|January 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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S(+) ketamine is a potent anesthetic with higher affinity for NMDA receptors than R(-) ketamine. It offers benefits for trauma patients, pain management, and sedation, despite potential psycho-mimetic side effects.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Anesthesiology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Ketamine exists as two optical isomers: S(+) ketamine and R(-) ketamine.
  • Drug effects are mediated by N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), opioid, and other receptors.
  • S(+) ketamine exhibits significantly higher anesthetic potency due to greater affinity for NMDA receptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pharmacological properties and clinical applications of ketamine isomers.
  • To highlight the advantages of S(+) ketamine in various medical settings.
  • To discuss ketamine's role in anesthesia, pain management, and intensive care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ketamine's pharmacology and clinical use.
  • Analysis of receptor binding affinities and pharmacokinetic properties.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Evaluation of clinical outcomes and side effects in different patient populations.

    • Main Results:

    • S(+) ketamine is 3-4 times more potent than R(-) ketamine due to higher NMDA receptor affinity.
    • Ketamine's solubility allows diverse administration routes and body distribution.
    • Clinical uses include anesthesia, sedation, analgesia, and management of shock and pulmonary diseases.

    Conclusions:

    • Ketamine, particularly S(+) ketamine, is a valuable anesthetic and analgesic agent.
    • It is well-suited for emergency medicine, intensive care, and chronic pain management.
    • Psycho-mimetic side effects are a primary limitation, necessitating careful patient monitoring.