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Related Concept Videos

Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
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Overview of the Skull

The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
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[Trephined skulls in Hungary].

László G Józsa1, Erzsébet Fóthi

  • 1jozsalg@freemail.hu

Orvostorteneti Kozlemenyek
|January 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study reviews 115 ancient cranial trephination cases in Hungary, revealing a peak in the 10th century. Survival rates were higher for 10th-century Hungarian cases (84%) compared to earlier periods (63%).

Area of Science:

  • Paleopathology
  • Archaeology
  • Physical Anthropology

Context:

  • Cranial trepanation is an ancient surgical practice with a global presence.
  • Hungary possesses a significant, yet largely unpublished, collection of trephined skulls spanning various historical periods.
  • Previous European trepanation studies have cataloged fewer cases than found in Hungary alone.

Purpose:

  • To comprehensively review and analyze all recorded and unpublished cranial trephination cases discovered in Hungary.
  • To establish the chronological distribution and geographical spread of trepanation practices within Hungary.
  • To investigate demographic patterns, surgical techniques, and survival rates associated with trepanation in ancient Hungary.

Summary:

  • A review of 115 trephined cases from Hungary, dating from the Neolithic to the Arpadian Age (11th-13th centuries).

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  • Trepanation was most prevalent in the 10th century (Conquest Age), accounting for 67% of cases, predominantly on males aged 21-50 in the parietal/frontoparietal regions.
  • Survival rates were 63% for pre-Hungarian populations and significantly higher at 84% for the 10th-century Hungarian cases.

    • Impact:

    • Highlights Hungary's substantial contribution to the European archaeological record of cranial trepanation.
    • Underscores the need for international publication of Hungarian findings to enrich global scientific understanding of this ancient procedure.
    • Provides valuable data for comparative studies on prehistoric and early historic surgical practices and their outcomes across different cultures.