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Related Concept Videos

Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
Modes of Standing Waves: II01:04

Modes of Standing Waves: II

The starting point for expressing the modes of standing waves is understanding the boundary conditions that the waves must follow. The boundary conditions are derived from the physical understanding of how the standing waves are sustained, that is, how the vibrating particles of the medium behave at the boundaries imposed on them.
For a tube open at one end and closed at the other filled with air, the modes are such that there is always an antinode at the open end and a node at the closed end.
Modes of Standing Waves - I01:03

Modes of Standing Waves - I

A close look at earthquakes provides evidence for the conditions appropriate for resonance, standing waves, and constructive and destructive interference. A building may vibrate for several seconds with a driving frequency matching the building's natural frequency of vibration; this produces a resonance that results in one building collapsing while the neighboring buildings do not. Often, buildings of a certain height are devastated, while other taller buildings remain intact. This phenomenon...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
11:08

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

Published on: November 30, 2012

Second-harmonic generation with a high-index-clad waveguide.

K Mizuuchi, H Ohta, K Yamamoto

    Optics Letters
    |August 15, 1997
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers enhanced second-harmonic generation (SHG) using a novel high-index-clad waveguide. This design improved mode confinement and field overlap, leading to efficient blue light generation.

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    Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor
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    Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor

    Published on: August 30, 2012

    Area of Science:

    • Nonlinear optics
    • Integrated photonics
    • Materials science

    Background:

    • Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is crucial for frequency conversion.
    • Waveguide structures are essential for efficient nonlinear optical processes.
    • Previous waveguide designs faced limitations in mode confinement and field overlap.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate SHG in a high-index-clad waveguide.
    • To enhance mode confinement and fundamental/second-harmonic field overlap.
    • To achieve efficient blue light generation via quasi-phase-matching.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical and experimental analysis of SHG.
    • Fabrication of an x-cut MgO:LiNbO(3) quasi-phase-matched (QPM) waveguide.
    • Utilizing Nb(2)O(5) as a high-index cladding layer.

    Main Results:

    • Increased confinement of propagation modes.
    • Enhanced overlap between fundamental and second-harmonic wave fields.
    • Generated 5.5 mW of blue light at 434 nm.
    • Achieved a normalized conversion efficiency of 1200%/W cm(2).

    Conclusions:

    • The high-index-clad waveguide structure significantly boosts SHG performance.
    • This approach enables efficient generation of blue light.
    • The demonstrated QPM SHG device shows great potential for integrated photonic applications.