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Related Concept Videos

Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

Porosity in Cement Paste

The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
The balance of water to cement in the mix is critical—it...
Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate01:20

Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate

Aggregates contain pores of varying sizes; while some are completely enclosed within the particles, others open onto the surface, allowing water to penetrate. The porosity of aggregates is a major factor contributing to the overall porosity of concrete, given that aggregates constitute about three-quarters of concrete's volume.
When all pores in an aggregate are filled with water, the aggregate is considered saturated and surface-dry. If left in dry air, water will evaporate until the aggregate...
Permeability of Concrete01:25

Permeability of Concrete

Permeability in the context of concrete refers to how easily liquids or gases can pass through the material. This quality is crucial for assessing the water-tightness and durability of concrete structures and their resistance to chemical attacks. Concrete permeability can be determined through comparative laboratory tests. These tests typically involve sealing a concrete specimen from the sides, applying water pressure to the top surface with pressure, and measuring the amount of water passing...
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
Concrete01:20

Concrete

Concrete is a vital construction material extensively used worldwide, primarily valued for its strength, durability, and versatility, which it provides for various structural designs. Concrete generally comprises ingredients like Portland cement, coarse gravel, fine sand, and water. Concrete can be mixed by simple hand methods or industrially at computer-controlled plants. The mixture consists of aggregates and a paste made from water and Portland cement. This paste coats the aggregates and,...
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Microbubble Fabrication of Concave-porosity PDMS Beads
11:52

Microbubble Fabrication of Concave-porosity PDMS Beads

Published on: December 15, 2015

Hybrid porous solids: past, present, future.

Gérard Férey1

  • 1Institut Lavoisier (UMR CNRS 8180), 45, Avenue des Etats-Unis, Université de Versailles St-Quentin en Yvelines 78035, Versailles, France. ferey@chimie.uvsq.fr

Chemical Society Reviews
|January 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This review covers hybrid porous solids, focusing on their design for large pores, synthesis, and dynamic properties. These materials offer tunable pore sizes for advanced applications in adsorption and storage.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Chemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Hybrid porous solids represent a significant advancement in materials science.
  • Their unique structures offer tunable properties for various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a state-of-the-art review on hybrid porous solids.
  • To discuss design strategies for achieving very large pores.
  • To explore their dynamic properties and structure prediction.

Main Methods:

  • Critical literature review of recent advancements.
  • Analysis of synthesis routes and structural concepts.
  • Discussion of structure-property relationships.

Main Results:

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Multi-Scale Modification of Metallic Implants With Pore Gradients, Polyelectrolytes and Their Indirect Monitoring In vivo
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Multi-Scale Modification of Metallic Implants With Pore Gradients, Polyelectrolytes and Their Indirect Monitoring In vivo

Published on: July 1, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Microbubble Fabrication of Concave-porosity PDMS Beads
11:52

Microbubble Fabrication of Concave-porosity PDMS Beads

Published on: December 15, 2015

Fabricating Highly Open Porous Microspheres (HOPMs) via Microfluidic Technology
05:21

Fabricating Highly Open Porous Microspheres (HOPMs) via Microfluidic Technology

Published on: May 16, 2022

Multi-Scale Modification of Metallic Implants With Pore Gradients, Polyelectrolytes and Their Indirect Monitoring In vivo
12:19

Multi-Scale Modification of Metallic Implants With Pore Gradients, Polyelectrolytes and Their Indirect Monitoring In vivo

Published on: July 1, 2013

  • Hybrid porous solids offer advantages in pore size tunability.
  • New synthesis routes enable the design of materials with very large pores.
  • Predictive models for structure and dynamic properties are emerging.

Conclusions:

  • The large tunability of pore size in hybrid porous solids leads to unprecedented properties.
  • Applications include species adsorption, storage, delivery, and enhanced physical properties.
  • This field holds significant promise for future materials development.