[Pluriglandular autoimmune syndrome. Systematic review]

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Immunology
• Genetics

Background:

• Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes (APS) are a group of rare disorders characterized by the dysfunction of multiple endocrine glands.
• These syndromes often co-occur with other autoimmune diseases and can exhibit familial clustering.
• The underlying mechanism involves an autoimmune attack on endocrine organs or glands.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe the main autoimmune polyglandular syndromes.
• To outline the diagnostic methods used for APS.
• To elucidate the etiological mechanisms of APS.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on autoimmune polyglandular syndromes.
• Analysis of diagnostic criteria and methodologies.
• Exploration of immunological and genetic factors.

Main Results:

• Detailed descriptions of various APS types (e.g., APS-1, APS-2, APS-3).
• Summary of key diagnostic markers, including autoantibodies and hormonal assays.
• Discussion of the role of autoantibodies and T-cell responses in disease pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

• Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes represent a complex group of endocrine disorders with diverse clinical presentations.
• Accurate diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical evaluation, hormonal testing, and autoantibody detection.
• Understanding the autoimmune mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapies.