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Nonviscous metallic liquid Se.

V V Brazhkin1, K Funakoshi, M Kanzaki

  • 1Institute for High Pressure Physics RAS, 142190 Troitsk Moscow region, Russia. brazhkin@hppi.troitsk.ru

Physical Review Letters
|February 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary
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Researchers measured the viscosity of liquid selenium (Se) under pressure, observing a 500-fold drop as it transformed from a semiconductor to a metal. This study reveals critical insights into the behavior of liquid metals under extreme conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Viscosity is a fundamental property of liquids, crucial for understanding material behavior.
  • Phase transformations in liquid states, especially accompanied by metallization, are rare and scientifically significant.
  • Selenium (Se) is an element known to exhibit unique properties under pressure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the pressure-induced phase transformation and metallization of liquid selenium.
  • To measure the viscosity changes of liquid Se during its transition from a semiconducting to a metallic state.
  • To establish a precedent for viscosity measurements across semiconductor-metal transitions in liquid substances.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized real-time radiography for direct, in-situ viscosity measurements.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Applied high-pressure techniques to induce phase transformations in liquid selenium.
  • Characterized the viscosity across both semiconducting and metallic liquid states of Se.

    • Main Results:

    • Observed a dramatic decrease in viscosity, by 500 times, to 8 mPa·s upon metallization of liquid Se under pressure.
    • Demonstrated that viscosity decreases significantly with pressure along the melting curve in the semiconducting state.
    • Documented a further substantial drop in viscosity at the point of melt metallization.
    • This marks the first direct viscosity measurements across both semiconducting and metallic liquid states of the same substance.

    Conclusions:

    • Liquid selenium undergoes a significant viscosity reduction during pressure-induced metallization.
    • The findings provide a benchmark for understanding liquid-state phase transitions and their impact on viscosity.
    • Similar viscosity behaviors are anticipated in other melts like chalcogenides, halides, and oxides.