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Related Concept Videos

Design Example01:23

Design Example

The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...
Design Example: Alignment of a Road Line Using GIS01:17

Design Example: Alignment of a Road Line Using GIS

The alignment of a road line using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a critical process in civil engineering, combining advanced technology with practical decision-making. This methodology begins with the collection of geospatial data, including information on land cover, geomorphology, drainage patterns, slope, and contour details. Such data is typically acquired through satellite imagery and GIS tools, offering a comprehensive understanding of the terrain.Once the data is gathered, it...
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...
Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Distributed Parameter Models01:06

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Distributed Parameter Models

Pharmacokinetic models are mathematical constructs that represent and predict the time course of drug concentrations in the body, providing meaningful pharmacokinetic parameters. These models are categorized into compartment, physiological, and distributed parameter models.
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The Midpoint Formula01:24

The Midpoint Formula

In coordinate geometry, determining the central point between two locations is common. This central point, or midpoint, lies exactly halfway along the line segment connecting two points in a two-dimensional space. It has applications in mathematics, physics, engineering, and various planning disciplines.Given two points labeled as A (x1, y1) and B (x2, y2) on a coordinate plane, a straight line segment can be plotted between them. The midpoint, labeled point M, divides this segment into two...
Multimachine Stability01:25

Multimachine Stability

Multimachine stability analysis is crucial for understanding the dynamics and stability of power systems with multiple synchronous machines. The objective is to solve the swing equations for a network of M machines connected to an N-bus power system.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Automated Deployment of an Internet Protocol Telephony Service on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Network Functions Virtualization
07:49

Automated Deployment of an Internet Protocol Telephony Service on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Network Functions Virtualization

Published on: November 26, 2019

Strategic parameter-driven routing models for multidestination traffic in telecommunication networks.

Y Lee1, J M Tien

  • 1Packet Technol., Iris Labs. Inc., Plano, TX.

IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. Part B, Cybernetics : a Publication of the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society
|February 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary

We developed mathematical models for optimal multidestination traffic routing. These models balance network link utilization and cost, improving communication service efficiency.

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Automated Deployment of an Internet Protocol Telephony Service on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Network Functions Virtualization
07:49

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Published on: November 26, 2019

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
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Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Network Engineering
  • Operations Research

Background:

  • Multidestination traffic routing is crucial for modern communication services.
  • Existing routing methods require optimization for efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present mathematical models for optimal multidestination traffic routing parameters.
  • To explore strategies for balancing link utilization and network costs.

Main Methods:

  • Developed three distinct mathematical models: Link Utilization (LU), Network Cost (NC), and Combined Parametric (CP).
  • The LU approach optimizes for balanced link utilization.
  • The NC approach minimizes routing costs.
  • The CP approach offers solutions balancing both utilization and cost.

Main Results:

  • The LU approach demonstrated significant efficiency improvements when implemented by a long-distance carrier for international direct services.
  • The NC approach identifies the most economical routing paths.
  • The CP approach provides flexible routing solutions considering both efficiency and cost.

Conclusions:

  • Mathematical modeling provides effective strategies for optimizing multidestination traffic routing.
  • The presented models offer valuable tools for enhancing network performance and reducing operational expenses.
  • The successful implementation of the LU approach validates the practical benefits of these models.