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Related Concept Videos

Proofreading01:31

Proofreading

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Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity to add the correct base and ensures fidelity during DNA replication. Furthermore,  it exhibits proofreading activity during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.
Errors During Replication are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase...
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Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

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Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
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The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with...
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Overview
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DNA Replication02:40

DNA Replication

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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
Replication in Prokaryotes
DNA replication...
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Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

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During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
There are several major differences between synthesis of the leading strand and synthesis of the lagging strand. 1) Leading strand synthesis happens in the direction of replication fork opening, whereas lagging strand synthesis happens in the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
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Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

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DNA-dependent DNA polymerases.

S Tabor1, K Struhl, S J Scharf

  • 1Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Current Protocols in Molecular Biology
|February 12, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This unit details the characteristics and reaction conditions for key DNA-dependent DNA polymerases. It covers enzymes like E. coli DNA polymerase I, T4 DNA polymerase, and Taq DNA polymerase for molecular biology applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • DNA polymerases are crucial enzymes for DNA replication and repair.
  • Understanding their characteristics is essential for molecular biology techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the characteristics and reaction conditions of various DNA-dependent DNA polymerases.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of commonly used DNA polymerases in research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on DNA-dependent DNA polymerases.
  • Compilation of data on enzyme properties and optimal reaction parameters.

Main Results:

  • Detailed characteristics of E. coli DNA polymerase I and its Klenow fragment.
  • Information on T4 DNA polymerase, native and modified T7 DNA polymerase.
  • Reaction conditions for Taq DNA polymerase, a key enzyme in PCR.

Conclusions:

  • This unit serves as a reference for selecting and utilizing appropriate DNA polymerases.
  • Knowledge of enzyme characteristics and conditions optimizes experimental outcomes in molecular biology.