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Ocular mast cells and mediators.

Anne-Marie A Irani¹

¹Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA 23229, USA. airani@vcu.edu

Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America

|February 20, 2008

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Mast cells, known for allergic reactions, are increasingly implicated in chronic inflammation due to their released mediators. This review covers mast cell functions, types, and roles in eye health and disease.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Ophthalmology
Cell Biology

Background:

Mast cells are key players in immediate hypersensitivity via IgE receptors (FcepsilonRI).
Emerging evidence suggests mast cell involvement in chronic inflammatory conditions.
Mediators released by activated mast cells contribute to various pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize current knowledge on mast cell mediators, heterogeneity, and differentiation.
To review the role of mast cells in normal ocular physiology.
To examine mast cell involvement in diverse ocular disorders.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on mast cells.
Analysis of mast cell mediators and their functions.
Examination of mast cell differentiation and heterogeneity.

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Main Results:

Mast cells release numerous mediators implicated in inflammation.
Mast cell heterogeneity influences their diverse roles.
Mast cells are present in the normal eye and contribute to ocular pathology.

Conclusions:

Mast cells are crucial in both immediate hypersensitivity and chronic inflammatory processes.
Understanding mast cell mediators and heterogeneity is vital for ocular disease research.
Further investigation into mast cells' role in the eye is warranted.