Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cohesion01:07

Cohesion

Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same type, such as water molecules. Water molecules have an overall neutral charge but are polar molecule. An oxygen atom in one water molecule has a partial negative charge that can bind to a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge in a second water molecule, forming a hydrogen bond. Each water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for water's cohesive nature.
On a surface,...
Dehydration Synthesis01:15

Dehydration Synthesis

Dehydration synthesis (also called a condensation reaction) is the chemical process in which two molecules covalently link together to form a new molecule, along with the release of a water molecule. Many physiologically important compounds form by dehydration synthesis reactions, such as complex carbohydrates, proteins, DNA, and RNA.Synthesis of carbohydratesSugar molecules are covalently linked together by dehydration synthesis. During the reaction, the hydroxyl (-OH) group from one reactant...
Membrane Fluidity01:23

Membrane Fluidity

Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.Fatty acids tails of phospholipids can be either saturated or...
Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is a relatively...
Detergent Purification of Membrane Proteins01:18

Detergent Purification of Membrane Proteins

Detergents are used to purify the integral proteins of the membrane. The hydrophobic portion of the detergent can replace membrane phospholipids while solubilizing the membrane proteins. When detergent monomers reach a specific concentration in a solution called critical micelle concentration (CMC), they form micelles. Above CMC, the concentration of the detergent monomers remains in equilibrium with the micelle. The number of detergent monomers present in the CMC varies for each detergent, and...
Micelles01:30

Micelles

Micelle formation is an intricate process that hinges on the properties of amphiphilic or amphipathic molecules and the conditions of the system in which they are found. Amphiphilic molecules, which have both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) parts, play a critical role in this process.In aqueous environments, these molecules arrange themselves such that their hydrophilic heads are turned towards the water phase, while their hydrophobic tails are oriented away...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Artificial Intelligence Decodes Brain Elemental Signatures to Stratify Aging and Neurological Diseases.

Research (Washington, D.C.)·2026
Same author

Maximizing drug loading in cavity microneedles through precision cavity engineering and centrifugal techniques.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026
Same author

Impact of polyampholyte macromolecular structure on the conformation of chitosan derivatives.

Carbohydrate polymers·2026
Same author

A guide to using embedded ethics in human stem-cell-based embryo model research.

Nature cell biology·2026
Same author

Human stem cell-based embryo models: innovation, ethics, and policy.

Human reproduction (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

Single-particle ICP-MS characterization of magnetoliposomes: toward measurement of the number distribution of encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles.

Nanoscale·2026
Same journal

Retraction Note: NSD2 targeting reverses plasticity and drug resistance in prostate cancer.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Enhanced B cell priming induces broadly neutralizing HIV-1 apex antibodies.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Vaccination elicits HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies in primates.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Child online safety needs more than social-media bans.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Ebola preparedness must start with ecosystems and before humans show symptoms.

Nature·2026
Same journal

AI tools can speed up thinking, but evidence still comes from the lab bench.

Nature·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Construction of Modular Hydrogel Sheets for Micropatterned Macro-scaled 3D Cellular Architecture
10:55

Construction of Modular Hydrogel Sheets for Micropatterned Macro-scaled 3D Cellular Architecture

Published on: January 11, 2016

Multi-membrane hydrogels.

Sébastien Ladet1, Laurent David, Alain Domard

  • 1Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères et des Biomatériaux, 15 Boulevard A. Latarjet, Bâtiment ISTIL, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.

Nature
|March 7, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel method for creating complex polysaccharide hydrogels with onion-like structures. This technique simplifies the processing of multi-membrane gels, enabling new biomedical applications.

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification
07:32

Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification

Published on: April 7, 2017

Ultrathin Porated Elastic Hydrogels As a Biomimetic Basement Membrane for Dual Cell Culture
11:34

Ultrathin Porated Elastic Hydrogels As a Biomimetic Basement Membrane for Dual Cell Culture

Published on: December 26, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Construction of Modular Hydrogel Sheets for Micropatterned Macro-scaled 3D Cellular Architecture
10:55

Construction of Modular Hydrogel Sheets for Micropatterned Macro-scaled 3D Cellular Architecture

Published on: January 11, 2016

Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification
07:32

Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification

Published on: April 7, 2017

Ultrathin Porated Elastic Hydrogels As a Biomimetic Basement Membrane for Dual Cell Culture
11:34

Ultrathin Porated Elastic Hydrogels As a Biomimetic Basement Membrane for Dual Cell Culture

Published on: December 26, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Polysaccharide hydrogels are versatile materials used in diverse fields like drug delivery and tissue engineering.
  • Hydrogel formation from polyelectrolyte solutions involves complex molecular interactions, often studied empirically.
  • Current methods for creating complex hydrogel architectures are limited by a lack of mechanistic understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simplified method for processing complex polysaccharide hydrogels with multi-membrane architectures.
  • To investigate the formation of 'onion-like' hydrogel structures using a controlled, multi-step interrupted gelation process.
  • To create hydrogel architectures with free inter-membrane spaces for biomedical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a multi-step interrupted gelation process under controlled physico-chemical conditions.
  • Employed solvent exchange as a key processing route for polymer chain reorganization.
  • Focused on balancing solvophobic and solvophilic interactions for physical gelation.

Main Results:

  • Successfully generated complex hydrogels with multi-membrane 'onion-like' architectures.
  • Demonstrated a simplified processing route for gels with intricate shapes and multi-membrane organization.
  • Created hydrogels with accessible free inter-membrane spaces suitable for cell or drug introduction.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method significantly simplifies the fabrication of complex polysaccharide hydrogels.
  • The 'onion-like' architectures with free inter-membrane spaces offer novel possibilities for biomedical applications.
  • Tailor-made three-dimensional multi-membrane structures open new perspectives in drug delivery and tissue engineering.