Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves01:30

Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic waves are consistent with Ampere's law. Assuming there is no conduction current Ampere's law is given as:
Speed of a Transverse Wave01:13

Speed of a Transverse Wave

The speed of a wave depends on the characteristics of the medium. For example, in the case of a guitar, the strings vibrate to produce the sound. The speed of the waves on the strings and the wavelength determine the frequency of the sound produced. The strings on a guitar have different thicknesses but may be made of similar material. They have different linear densities, and the linear density is defined as the mass per length.
One of the key properties of any wave is the wave speed. Light...
Design Example01:23

Design Example

The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...
Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit01:20

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
Phasor Arithmetics01:13

Phasor Arithmetics

Phasors and their corresponding sinusoids are interrelated, offering unique insights into the behavior of alternating current (AC) circuits. One way to understand this relationship is through the operations of differentiation and integration in both the time and phasor domains.
When the derivative of a sinusoid is taken in the time domain, it transforms into its corresponding phasor multiplied by j-omega (jω) in the phasor domain, where j is the imaginary unit, and ω is the angular frequency.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

In vivo clonotypic regulation of human myelin basic protein-reactive T cells by T cell vaccination.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·1995
Same author

Superantigen reactivity of gamma delta T cell clones isolated from patients with multiple sclerosis and controls.

Cellular immunology·1995
Same author

Tissue distribution of cocaine methyl esterase and ethyl transferase activities: correlation with carboxylesterase protein.

The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics·1995
Same author

Suppression of insulitis in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice by oral insulin administration is associated with selective expression of interleukin-4 and -10, transforming growth factor-beta, and prostaglandin-E.

The American journal of pathology·1995
Same author

Molecular cloning and characterization of NF-IL3A, a transcriptional activator of the human interleukin-3 promoter.

Molecular and cellular biology·1995
Same author

A potential vulnerability locus for schizophrenia on chromosome 6p24-22: evidence for genetic heterogeneity.

Nature genetics·1995
Same journal

Multifunctional reconfigurable terahertz metasurface based on vanadium dioxide phase transition: achieving broadband absorption and efficient polarization conversion.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-Q-factor electromagnetically induced transparency utilizing quasi-bound states in the continuum in an all-dielectric terahertz metasurface.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Automated stitching interferometry for high-precision metrology of X-ray mirrors.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Experimental demonstration of an approach to designing a metal-dielectric DBR resonant cavity structure.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-precision wavefront reconstruction from a single-shot interferogram using a physics-driven hybrid feature calibration network.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Ultra-high-Q Fano resonance based on coupled topological corner states in Kagome photonic crystals.

Applied optics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
09:43

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

Very-high-speed all-optical code-division multiplexing systems using a 2n prime code.

J Zhang1, L K Chen, K W Cheung

  • 1Telecommunications Program, School of Advanced Technologies, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand.

Applied Optics
|March 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study demonstrates an all-optical code-division multiplexing system using 64-ps pulses and a prime code. It achieves data modulation without optical intensity modulators, utilizing low-cost components.

More Related Videos

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
07:45

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

Published on: February 6, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
09:43

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
07:45

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

Published on: February 6, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Optical Communications
  • Information Technology

Background:

  • Traditional code-division multiplexing (CDM) systems often rely on electronic components for modulation.
  • Achieving all-optical modulation without intensity modulators presents a significant challenge in optical networking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate an experimental all-optical code-division multiplexing (AO-CDM) system.
  • To showcase a novel method for modulating optical clock streams with electrical data without optical intensity modulators.
  • To implement AO-CDM using low-cost optical components and a prime code sequence.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 64-picosecond (ps) optical pulses.
  • Employed a 2^n prime code with n=3 for multiplexing.
  • Implemented transmitters and receivers using only low-cost 2x2 optical couplers and fiber delay lines.
  • Achieved modulation of an optical clock stream by electrical data without optical intensity modulators.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated an experimental AO-CDM system.
  • Verified the feasibility of modulating optical clock streams using electrical data without optical intensity modulators.
  • Showcased the effectiveness of using low-cost optical components for implementing encoders and decoders for prime codes.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed AO-CDM system offers a cost-effective and efficient approach to optical multiplexing.
  • Eliminating optical intensity modulators simplifies transmitter design and reduces costs.
  • The use of prime codes with low-cost optical components is viable for future optical communication systems.