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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
Microbial Biosensors01:17

Microbial Biosensors

Microbial biosensors are analytical devices that utilize living microbes to detect specific substances through measurable signals. These devices consist of two main components: biosensing organisms and signal-transducing elements. Biosensing organisms, such as Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are typically housed in multiwell plates connected to transducers, enabling rapid, real-time detection of target analytes.Signal Generation MechanismWhen a target analyte—such as...

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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

MicroRNAs flex their muscles.

Eva van Rooij1, Ning Liu, Eric N Olson

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA.

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|March 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Muscle-specific microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression crucial for muscle function and development. These myogenic miRNAs also play a role in various muscle diseases, suggesting therapeutic potential.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • Muscle-specific miRNAs are critical for various aspects of muscle physiology, including development and function.
  • Dysregulation of muscle-specific miRNAs is implicated in numerous muscle-related pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of muscle-specific microRNAs in muscle biology.
  • To highlight the involvement of these miRNAs in muscle diseases.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting muscle-specific miRNAs for disease treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on muscle-specific microRNAs.
  • Analysis of miRNA biogenesis and regulatory mechanisms in muscle.
  • Examination of miRNA involvement in muscle development, function, and disease.

Main Results:

  • Muscle-specific miRNAs fine-tune gene expression for myoblast proliferation, differentiation, contractility, and stress response.
  • These miRNAs are encoded within bicistronic transcripts or introns of myosin genes.
  • Muscle-specific miRNAs are implicated in cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, arrhythmias, congenital heart disease, and muscular dystrophy.

Conclusions:

  • Muscle-specific miRNAs are key regulators of muscle homeostasis and function.
  • Their dysregulation contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of various muscle diseases.
  • Targeting muscle-specific miRNAs offers promising therapeutic avenues for treating muscle disorders.