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Related Concept Videos

Halogens03:01

Halogens

Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group.
Minerals01:26

Minerals

Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.
Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
Teeth01:15

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Healthcare Agencies II01:17

Healthcare Agencies II

There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
Parish nursing is a growing specialty nursing profession that focuses on holistic healthcare, health promotion, and illness prevention. It blends professional nursing practice with a health ministry, focusing on health and healing within the context of a Christian community. Parish nurses serve as health educators, referral sources, and lay...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Semi-Automated Planimetric Quantification of Dental Plaque Using an Intraoral Fluorescence Camera
09:34

Semi-Automated Planimetric Quantification of Dental Plaque Using an Intraoral Fluorescence Camera

Published on: January 27, 2023

Fluorides in dental public health programs.

Jayanth V Kumar1, Mark E Moss

  • 1Oral Health Surveillance and Research, Bureau of Dental Health, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12237, USA. jvk01@health.state.ny.us

Dental Clinics of North America
|March 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Fluorides in public health programs have significantly reduced dental caries in the United States. This review examines fluoride use, effectiveness, cost, and policy in dental health initiatives.

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

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09:34

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08:12

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Published on: October 20, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Dental Science
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Dental caries represent a significant public health challenge.
  • The historical use of fluorides has been a cornerstone of dental caries prevention strategies.
  • Community water fluoridation and other fluoride modalities have demonstrated substantial public health benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse applications of fluorides within public health dental programs.
  • To critically assess the effectiveness of various fluoride interventions.
  • To discuss the economic and policy implications associated with fluoride use in public health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical and current public health fluoride programs.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data on dental caries trends.
  • Examination of cost-benefit analyses and policy documents related to fluoride interventions.

Main Results:

  • Significant decline in dental caries prevalence in the United States attributed to widespread fluoride use.
  • Demonstrated cost-effectiveness of community water fluoridation.
  • Identification of ongoing policy debates and challenges in fluoride implementation.

Conclusions:

  • Fluorides remain a highly effective and essential component of dental public health.
  • Evidence supports the continued and expanded use of fluorides for caries prevention.
  • Policy considerations should address accessibility, equity, and public education regarding fluoride benefits.