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Nonequilibrium nanothermodynamics.

J Carrete1, L M Varela, L J Gallego

  • 1Grupo de Nanomateriais e Materia Branda, Departamento de Física da Materia Condensada, Facultade de Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|March 21, 2008
PubMed
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This study formulates entropy production for systems outside the thermodynamic limit using nanothermodynamics. It demonstrates that Onsager

Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Nanothermodynamics

Background:

  • Traditional thermodynamics applies to systems within the thermodynamic limit.
  • Understanding entropy production in nanoscale systems is crucial for non-equilibrium processes.
  • Hill's nanothermodynamics provides a framework for studying small systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To formulate entropy production for systems outside the thermodynamic limit.
  • To connect environmental influence on nanosystems to irreversible work.
  • To prove Onsager's symmetry principle for average nanosystems.

Main Methods:

  • Application of Hill's nanothermodynamics to a macroscopic ensemble of nanosystems.
  • Utilizing the Jarzynski equality to relate external influence to irreversible work.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Employing two distinct methods to prove Onsager's symmetry principle.

    • Main Results:

    • An explicit formula connecting environmental influence to irreversible work is derived.
    • Entropy production is shown to maintain its standard form (fluxes and forces).
    • Onsager's symmetry principle is proven to hold for the average nanosystem under specific conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • Nanothermodynamics can successfully describe entropy production beyond the thermodynamic limit.
    • The Jarzynski equality provides a key link between macroscopic and microscopic descriptions.
    • Conditions for preserving Onsager's symmetry in systems under external forces are established.