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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
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A close look at earthquakes provides evidence for the conditions appropriate for resonance, standing waves, and constructive and destructive interference. A building may vibrate for several seconds with a driving frequency matching the building's natural frequency of vibration; this produces a resonance that results in one building collapsing while the neighboring buildings do not. Often, buildings of a certain height are devastated, while other taller buildings remain intact. This phenomenon...
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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
Modes of Standing Waves: II01:04

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For a tube open at one end and closed at the other filled with air, the modes are such that there is always an antinode at the open end and a node at the closed end.

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Stimulated Stokes and Antistokes Raman Scattering in Microspherical Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators
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Generation of second-harmonic conical waves via nonlinear bragg diffraction.

Solomon M Saltiel1, Dragomir N Neshev, Robert Fischer

  • 1Nonlinear Physics Center and Laser Physics Center, Center for Ultra-high Bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia.

Physical Review Letters
|March 21, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers observed second-harmonic conical waves using a novel nonlinear photonic structure. This phenomenon arises from higher-order nonlinear Bragg diffraction, converting fundamental waves into dual-polarized second harmonics.

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Area of Science:

  • Nonlinear optics
  • Photonics
  • Wave phenomena

Background:

  • Periodically poled nonlinear photonic structures are crucial for frequency conversion.
  • Gaussian beams are fundamental in laser optics and nonlinear interactions.
  • Conical wave generation is an important phenomenon in nonlinear optics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the generation of second-harmonic conical waves.
  • To explore a novel transverse excitation geometry for nonlinear photonic structures.
  • To analyze the underlying nonlinear Bragg diffraction processes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a novel annular periodically poled nonlinear photonic structure.
  • Employing transverse excitation with a fundamental Gaussian beam.
  • Analyzing the generated second-harmonic waves, including their polarization states.

Main Results:

  • Observed the formation of second-harmonic conical waves.
  • Demonstrated that conical beams result from higher-order nonlinear Bragg diffraction.
  • Showed simultaneous conversion of ordinary fundamental wave to ordinary and extraordinary polarized second harmonics.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully demonstrated second-harmonic conical wave generation in a new geometry.
  • Higher-order nonlinear Bragg diffraction is identified as the key mechanism.
  • The findings contribute to understanding complex nonlinear optical interactions and wave generation.